Age Related Macular

Age-related Macular Degeneration (AMD)

Understanding the causes, symptoms, and support available

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a common eye condition that affects the central part of your vision. It is most often seen in people over the age of 50 and can make everyday activities like reading, recognising faces, and watching television more difficult. While AMD does not usually cause complete blindness, it can have a significant impact on your quality of life.

What is age-related macular degeneration?

AMD affects the macula, a small but important part of the retina at the back of the eye. The macula is responsible for sharp, detailed central vision. When it becomes damaged, your central vision may become blurred, distorted, or develop dark patches. Peripheral (side) vision is usually not affected, so you will not lose your sight completely.

There are two main types of AMD: dry AMD and wet AMD. Dry AMD develops slowly over time and is more common, while wet AMD is less common but can progress more quickly and requires urgent treatment.

Symptoms of AMD

Symptoms can develop gradually and may include:

Blurred or fuzzy central vision
Difficulty recognising faces
Straight lines appearing wavy or distorted
Dark or empty patches in the centre of your vision
Colours appearing less bright or vivid

If you notice any sudden changes to your vision, especially distortion or dark spots, you should seek advice as soon as possible.

What causes AMD?

The exact cause of AMD is not fully understood, but it is linked to ageing and changes in the retina. Factors that may increase your risk include:

Age (most common over 50)
Smoking
A family history of AMD
High blood pressure
Being overweight
Prolonged exposure to sunlight (UV rays)
How is AMD treated?

Treatment depends on the type of AMD.

Dry AMD currently has no medical cure, but its progression can sometimes be slowed with lifestyle changes, such as eating a healthy diet, stopping smoking, and taking certain vitamin supplements if recommended by a healthcare professional.

Wet AMD can often be treated with injections into the eye that help stop the growth of abnormal blood vessels and reduce vision loss. Early diagnosis and treatment are very important for the best outcomes.

Living with AMD

Living with AMD can be challenging, especially as it affects central vision. Many people find it helpful to use brighter lighting, magnifiers, or large-print materials. Making small changes at home and using assistive technology can help you stay independent. Support from family, professionals, and organisations can also make a big difference in adapting to changes in vision.

When to seek help

You should seek advice if you notice any changes in your central vision, such as blurring, distortion, or dark patches. Sudden changes may require urgent attention, particularly with wet AMD. Regular eye tests are important for detecting AMD early, even before symptoms become severe.

Support is available

Being diagnosed with AMD can feel worrying, but help is available. You don’t have to manage the changes to your vision on your own. Our team can provide information, practical advice, and emotional support to help you adjust and maintain your independence.

Frequently asked questions
Does AMD cause complete blindness?

AMD does not usually cause total blindness, as it mainly affects central vision and not peripheral vision.

Can AMD be prevented?

There is no guaranteed way to prevent AMD, but maintaining a healthy lifestyle, not smoking, and protecting your eyes from sunlight may reduce your risk.

Is AMD painful?

AMD is not painful, but it can affect how clearly you see.